Psychedelic substances like LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and ayahuasca have been studied since the 1940s for their potential to treat psychiatric disorders. After a global ban in the 1970s, interest resurfaced in the 1990s, with research into both classic psychedelics and atypical substances like MDMA and ketamine. Advances in neuroimaging have provided insights into their mechanisms, particularly in relation to serotonin and glutamate receptors. Today, psychedelics are being reconsidered for treating conditions like depression, anxiety, PTSD, and addiction. However, their use in patients with bipolar disorder remains controversial due to risks of triggering manic episodes.

Studies on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy have shown promising antidepressant effects, particularly with psilocybin and ayahuasca for treatment-resistant depression. Ketamine has also demonstrated efficacy, with recent studies highlighting its antisuicidal effects. However, concerns about manic switches limit the use of psychedelics in patients with bipolar disorder. As research continues, further studies are needed to address safety concerns and refine therapeutic practices. Moving forward, ethical guidelines and professional oversight will be essential for safely integrating these substances into clinical psychiatry.

Reference: Bosch OG, Halm S, Seifritz E. Psychedelics in the treatment of unipolar and bipolar depression. Int J Bipolar Disord. 2022 Jul 5;10(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s40345-022-00265-5. PMID: 35788817; PMCID: PMC9256889.